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Joined 3 years ago
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Cake day: June 15th, 2023

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  • I don’t know what state you live in, but thats how it works in mine.

    In mine, each county has a County Board of Elections which determine the number and location of polling places. Those County Board of Elections members are appointed by our Secretary of State. The Secretary of State is an elected position by all voters in the state.

    So again, Gerrymandering would have zero effect on location or number of polling places in my state.

    How does it work in your state where you’re seeing Gerrymandering could affect the number or location of polling places?




  • especially as horribly germmandered as it illegally is.

    We’re talking about a US Senate seat here. Gerrymandering has no effect.

    I’m sure there’s a School House Rock episode that would explain this better than I can, but the short of it is this: Each state in the USA, no matter how big or small, gets TWO US Senators they send to Washington to represent them in the Senate, no more, no less. Both of the US Senators represent all residents of the state. Every 6 years (the length of term of a Senator), all residents in the entire state vote in that US Senatorial election.

    You may be instead thinking about races in the US House of Representatives where there are Congressional districts carving up the geography inside a state. There’s no such concept for the US Senators each state sends to Washington.





  • While I consider myself pro nuclear, there is something that gets forgotten everytime this conversation comes up.

    The problem with nuclear isn’t that the waste is impossible to handle, it’s that humans are too short sighted to follow through with it.

    Thats not even the biggest problem with nuclear power as the waste angle, at scale, will hit us decades in the future. The more urgent problem hitting us now on even on existing deployed nuclear plants is cooling water.

    The byproduct of nuclear power generation is lots AND LOTS of waste heat. You have to get rid of this every second to continue to produce electricity. This is why nuclear power plants are typically built next to a large body of water. However, with reduced water supplies in reseviors theres less water to use for cooling nuclear plants. A double whammy is with climate change increasing temperatures, the water that remains is already hotter than it was, meaning it can carry away even less heat.

    If a plant can’t get rid of its heat it needs to curtail (reduce) electricity production. This isn’t just theoretical. Its happening now in 2026 to existing power plants:

    At the time when Europe was experiencing its worst heatwave is recorded history, many European reactors had to be turned down or off. 2026 isn’t the first time this has happened either, you can go back in the last 5 years or so and see many reports of nuclear plant curtailment because of lack of cooling capacity (cool water).

    When we know global temperature are rising, it looks like this will just get worse. How can we say nuclear is the future when the conditions for it working well are already declining?


  • Tf is a token?

    If you plugged this question into an LLM here’s how it would be broken into input tokens:

    BOS (Beginning of Sequence) | Tf | is | a | token | ? | EOS (End of Sequence)

    So this sentence would be 7 input tokens into an LLM. The sentence before this one, which is my response, would be 15 output tokens. The big LLM providers charge you per token used (usually the 1000 tokens used). Some LLM providers charge one price for input tokens and another for output tokens.

    Here’s how that translates to actual dollars to you. Here’s an price list from Oracle Cloud, a large company providing LLM service. Lets take the Google Gemini 2.5 Pro LLM model hosted at Oracle Cloud:

    • Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Generative AI - Google - Gemini 2.5 Pro - Input Tokens - Text, Image, Audio, and Video less than 200K input tokens = $1.25/1,000,000 tokens

    • Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Generative AI - Google - Gemini 2.5 Pro - Output Tokens - Text Output less than 200K input tokens = $10/1,000,000 tokens

    So your input question would have cost you $0.0000175 and my single sentence response to you would have cost you $0.00015.

    Some LLMs (like those discussed in the article) separate each letter as a separate token for processing as input. In that case your same question in one of those LLMs would be 13 tokens instead of 7.